Desigualdad económica y confianza social: evidencia de los cambios observados en 19 países entre 1990 y 2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.185.119-144Palabras clave:
Componentes longitudinales, Componentes transversales, Confianza social, Desigualdad económica, REWBResumen
Análisis agregados o con datos individuales de sección cruzada indican que la desigualdad económica erosiona la confianza
social. Este trabajo reevalúa esta asociación distinguiendo entre
los componentes transversales y longitudinales de la desigualdad, usando para ello una muestra de casi 140 000 individuos de 19 países, a lo largo de treinta años (1990-2020). Los resultados sugieren que hay una relación negativa y robusta entre desigualdad y confianza entre países controlando por variables sociodemográficas y actitudinales, y por el efecto directo y condicional del ingreso.
Los individuos en países con mayor desigualdad reportan sistemáticamente menor confianza social, pero la evidencia es menos consistente con que la confianza varíe con la desigualdad. En la segunda parte del trabajo se reafirman estos hallazgos utilizando datos a nivel subnacional de España entre 2008 y 2022.
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