The state retirement pension in Spain: a triple form of gender discrimination

Abstract

This study investigates the triple form of gender discrimination that exists in the transition between the labour market and the state retirement pension. Two data sources were used: the specific modules of the Spanish Labour Force Survey from 2006 and 2012 and the Spanish Continuous Working Life Sample from between 2004 and 2016.

A Cox analysis was used to build tables related to the continued participation in the labour market by age and number of years contributed to the Social Security system, by sex and educational level.

It was found that women had a high rate of non-employment, a short working life, with late access to their pension (to be able to have enough years of contribution to the state pension scheme) and were strongly differentiated according to education level, unlike men. It was concluded that discrimination has decreased but has not disappeared.